HSV-2 Information
HSV-2 prevalence isAlso, Generally Speaking, the highest at Africa and the Americas, Reduced in western and southern Europe than in northern Europe and North America, and lowest in Asia. HSV-2 and -1 incidence, total and by age, changes markedly by country, area within a country, and population subgroup. Age-specific HSV-2 incidence is generally higher in girls than men and in people with higher risk sexual behaviour. HSV-2 incidence has increased from the United States but nationwide data from some other countries are inaccessible. HSV-1 disease is acquired during youth and adolescence and is more prevalent than HSV-2 disease
HHV-2: Mostly related to genital and rectal lesions. From age 30, nearly 25 percent of Americans have antibodies to HHV-2. The incidence of disease in the USA has improved steadily over the last few decades:
Though painful, many recurrent infections resolve spontaneously, generally to reoccur later. More severe are herpetic keratitis (ulceration of cornea because of repeated infection, that may cause blindness) and encephalitis (quite rare but frequently deadly ).
No vaccines accredited however a number under growth – especially for HSV-2 – a fantastic candidate for post-exposure vaccination..
Replication:
- Interaction of glycoprotein(s) with mobile receptors (not known, but likely distinct receptors on various cell types – a feature of the bigger, more intricate DNA viruses, and likely frequent cell surface molecules rather than particular cells ) leads straight in combination of the envelope with the cell membrane. Endocytosis isn’t absolutely mandatory, but may happen (alternative route for penetration). At least two of the eleven famous HSV-1 glycoproteins have been characterised about their function in virus replication:
§ Throughout the attachment, glycoprotein C (gC) interacts with heparan sulphate (HS), located on the cell membrane surface. This interaction is labile before other glycoproteins like D and B (gB and gD) start to take part in the entrance procedure. GB also harbours a website for interaction with different glycosoaminoglycans, whilst gD provides a stable attachment to cellular receptors like the herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM).Late adsorption is associated with a conformation change Of gD occurring after the receptor Binding, a step followed by discussion of gD with all the gH/gL heterodimer (complex).Fusion domains of the gH/gL complicated and gB enable pH-independent mobile penetration.The gE/gI complicated and gM interact with the Receptors at cell junctions in order to facilitate cell-to-cell spread of the virus along the basolateral surface of polarised cells and/or an identical intercellular spread in nonpolarised cells by avoiding virion release.GK, the only known HSV-coded glycoproteinhe role of the remaining two glycoproteins is not yet understood.Research tools available to investigate HSV-2
Research tools available:
HSV-2 qPCR 20x probe mix is a reliable probe for measuring relative amounts or total copy numbers of HSV-2 by quantitative PCR. The probe consists of forward and reverse primers combined with a FAM/BHQ-labeled probe specific for glycoprotein G (gG) of HSV-2. This dual-labeled probe is supplied with PCR primers at 20x concentration and may be used with standard real-time PCR reagents.
For absolute copy number calculations, a tube of standards is also included containing the target sequence at 1012 copies per ml. These standards produce linear results at dilutions of 108 to 102 copies per reaction.
Antigen slides are particularly suited for immunofluorescence but can also be used in immunohistochemical protocols. Infected cells are mixed with uninfected cells so that each well of the slide has “built in” negative controls. Used with our optimized line of pre-mixed secondary antibodies, the antigen shows itself through bright green fluorescence against a dark red background of uninfected cells.
Each slide has eight separate wells set in a hydrophobic teflon mask. Reagents that are incubated on the infected cells sit as a “bead” on the well as the teflon keeps the liquid from spreading out. They are supplied in packages of five individually packaged slides and full instructions for use.
Herpes Simplex Type 2 Antigen Slide
Five, eight-well slides with AGMK cells infected with Herpes Simples Type 2 (G).